The Catholic Church used a variety of means to respond to the challenge of Protestantism in Europe. These ranged from coercive efforts, such as the Roman Inquisition and Index of Prohibited Books, to more positive efforts, such as the promotion of education, the founding of schools for both boys and girls, and the promotion of new religious music and art. Another positive effort was the formation of new religious orders to teach in some of these schools, minister to the poor, and do missionary work, often in the New World, Asia, and elsewhere. The church also cleaned its own house by improving the education of clergy and addressing corruption and abuses within its own institutional structure. Assess the successes and failures of the Catholic Reformation. Was the church s response to the spread of Protestantism effective? Why or why not? Give specific examples to support your points.
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