INTRODUCTIONThePresident of Indiais thehead of stateof theRepublic of India. The President is the formal head of theexecutive,legislatureandjudiciaryof India and is thecommander-in-chiefof theIndian Armed Forces. The President isindirectly electedby the people through elected members of theParliament of India(Lok SabhaandRajya Sabha) as well as of the Legislative Assemblies in States of India (Vidhan Sabha) and serves for a term of five years. Historically, ruling party (majority in the Lok Sabha) nominees (for example,United Progressive AlliancenomineePranab Mukherjee) have been elected or largely elected unanimously. Incumbent presidents are permitted to stand for re-election. A formula is used to allocate votes so there is a balance between the population of each state and the number of votes assembly members from a state can cast, and to give an equal balance between State Assembly members and the members of theParliament of India. If no candidate receives a majority of votes, then there is a system by which losing candidates are eliminated from the contest and their votes are transferred to other candidates, until one gains a majority. AlthoughArticle 53of theConstitution of Indiastates that the President can exercise his or her powers directly or by subordinate authority,[2]with
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